Bias in the Australian Media and American Academia

Tony Abbott made a speech on the weekend where he pointed out the bias in the Australian Media. The Age has a summary . There are some similarities to the current push by US conservatives to get more conservative academics but there are important differences. Juan Cole has an article about this alleged bias as does The Economist .
Tony Abbott, who has too many ts in his name, points out that the media is not doing their job. Their bias is affecting their judgement. Abbott writes:

Obviously, the election has been a defeat for the ALP but there's a sense in which it's been a defeat for the media too. Many journalists predicted a narrow Coalition win, but none predicted a substantially increased Coalition majority and Coalition control of the Senate. Journalists' predictions of a close result were at least as confident as intelligence agencies' predictions of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. The main difference is that Australian journalists had less excuse for not knowing precisely what's going on in their field of claimed expertise.
This is too strong. Many conservatives were also predicting a narrow coalition win. The coalition itself was not making noises about a resounding victory. There were also some journalists including Malcolm Mackerras who were accurately predicting and talking about the probability and possibility of the coalition gaining control of the Senate.

But it is hard not to disagree with his statement that on the whole journalists in Australia, and indeed generally in the West, tend toward the Left. He backs his numbers up by quoting the results of an RMIT study.

An August survey by the RMIT journalism department showed that 55 per cent of journalists described themselves as "left" or "small-l liberal" and only 9 per cent described themselves as "right" or "conservative". Earlier research by Queensland University journalism school professor John Hennington found that "political journalists leaned left rather than right by a factor of more than four to one", with 58 per cent of press gallery journalists describing their voting intentions as Labor and only 9 per cent Liberal. This would once have been a point of resemblance between the gallery and the CFMEU - except that forestry workers no longer vote Labor.

There is nothing intrinsically wrong with this. However there is something wrong with this when it inhibits their ability to inform and predict. This is what has happened. The face of Kerry O'Brien on the election night was hilarious. It was completely obvious that despite his dislike of Latham that he was very, very disappointed. It is hard to report on election results with bias, but you have to wonder if his views are clearly so strong whether he is an impartial interviewer and reporter.

There are also more than pockets of conservatism in the Australian media. The Australian has a considerable right wing biased. They seem to keep Phillip Adams along so that they can claim balance while really only having a sad old clown from the left broadcast his views. It would be hard to find anyone who would described Alan Jones or that other cretin on the radio as left wing. However, Australia's big serious papers, The Age, The SMH and the AFR probably do have a balance that is a little to the left.

The treatment of Howard's lies is a case in point. Howard almost certainly overstated what refugees were doing with their children, but he had a point. Placing children on dodgy ships is placing their lives at risk. But the Australian public has made it's judgement and pretty much doesn't care. The issue of non-conventional weapons in Iraq is amusing as Australia's intelligence obviously depends on the US. It was interesting to note that our own intelligence services were correct and were at the very least highly sceptical. But all the media seems to want out of this story is some blood of Howards. Finally, Howard may have chinks in his reputation, but he is one of very few politicians to have gone to the electorate and honestly described the new tax he intended to create.

Personally, I'm a very centrist person and bias does bother me unless it is clearly acknowleged. In the last election I voted for both major parties, splitting my vote because of worries about the upper house and dissatisfaction with the coalition. I have voted both ways in both federal,state, territory and local elections. But I think I'm pretty rare, indeed I have never met anyone other than myself who does not consistently vote one way or another.

The situation is different in Australia to the US. In the US 70 percent or some such horrendous proportion of Bush voters believe that Saddam was connected with Al Queda and had something to do with 911. The Republican party itself has talked about the 'reality based community' that includes academics. There appeared to be strong overall opposition to the Iraq war from Academics. But this opposition was for a good reason, namely that Iraq was a very, very unwise war. And they have been proven right. The establishment media showed itself to be absolutely dismal in investigating the substance behind the claim of non-conventional weapons in Iraq.

Australian journalists are a little left wing, and their bias does color their reporting. It would be nice if their beliefs were to move toward the centre as they could report more accurately. On the whole Australia though has a thoughtful, not easily conned electorate and the media should respect and understand that. And indeed, with the media that we have hopefully more journalists will become like Michelle Grattan and research their stories more and show little bias, pehaps even with a little prompting from Tony Abbott.
Permalink, Bias in the Australian Media and American Academia, Dec 2004, siento
avocadia: I\'m amused...:

...by the irony of an article that ends with the hope that the Australian media would show little bias, and starts with a (friendly?) dig at Tony Abbott\'s religious convictions.

An August survey by the RMIT journalism department showed that 55 per cent of journalists described themselves as "left" or "small-l liberal" and only 9 per cent described themselves as "right" or "conservative".
Tony Abbott

I wish I could find that study, but five minutes of googling gave me nothing. I\'d love to know what the percentages are when you consider only opinion columnists; also what percentage of the nightly news presents the left or right narrative 1 . I feel that the columnists have more of an effect than the rest of the newspaper and television news - not the reporters but the images - more again. I can\'t really make a conclusion though, I got myself into something of an echo chamber this last year.

On a tangential note, if you read the Liberal Party\'s beliefs as expressed on their website 2 , many of them, especially the third (We believe in those most basic freedoms of parliamentary democracy - the freedom of thought, worship, speech and association.) are very much small-l liberal beliefs. Perhaps Tony wants to stop whining about bias against the Liberal Party if so whatever portion of 55% of journalists consider themselves small-l liberals.
  1. I don\'t mean that the story itself is biased, only what the content is. A story about John Howard opening a new green zone in an inner city suburb I\'d consider as presenting a Liberal narrative as it is painting John Howard in a favourable light in terms of an area of policy he is perhaps considered weak, enviromental policy.
  2. Said website being hostile to Mozilla/Firefox et al, failing silently to present links to any actual content. Then again, it seems that more Lefties are using Firefox anyway :- )
avocadia: Oh yeah...: I am biased and am a swinging voter
siento: Survey: Presumably this is what is being referred to. The results are not given on the web pages though.
cam: He is cherry picking though: ... just about all the newspapers endorsed Howard. There was only a couple of regional papers that endorsed Latham, and the SMH stayed out of it by not endorsing anyone - which is the correct response IMO. However given that the rumour was The Age was forced to endorse Howard over their editorial board\'s objections, the SMH may have ducked out to avoid a shoot out there.

The newspapers also seem to think that objectivity means putting a rabid left and rabid right on the same page. Having Ramsey and Henderson on the same day gives the appearance of balance, when it is not. I like how Ramsey uses primary sources and quotes to develop his argument. But don\'t agree with him much.

Miranda Devine is the worst. Her kind, the ad-hominem/attack article writers who uses one fact to base a rant on should be kicked out of the mainstream papers. Applebaum in the US does this as well. The whole internet is geared toward ranters and ravers, I can read that kind of thing anywhere.

I don\'t really care about objectivity so much in the media, it is pretty obvious when a source leans one way or the other. Fox is almost farcical in its support of the government. I think the greater danger is not when the media leans one way or the other, but when it becomes statist and pushes a statist agenda. This surrenders the media being critical of the government. Which is important IMO.

The New York Post, Washington Times and Fox News are all this style. They are deftly uncritical of the government. The NYP has carried on its frontpage, language; \"Our steadfast leader\", whatever your opinion of Bush, that is not cool.

The other aspect is that governments are critical of the media no matter what. When Keating was PM , I recall him berating SMH reporters with claims they had no brains. There is also this one;

Reporter: You don\'t talk to ordinary people!

Keating: \"Who says I don\'t ? Who says I don\'t ? I mean I see as many people as perhaps anyone in public life could...\"

Reporter: How long is it since you\'ve been to Fyshwick Markets ?

Keating: \"Not long, not long. In fact if you get down to woollies at Manuka on Saturday I\'d probably run over you with a trolley as I did a journo recently.\"

Not quite the systemic political lean that Abbott is trying to elude too, but an example of how politicians view journalism and media as an impediment to their power. Why else would they manage the media so tightly?

Bush is so scared of it, despite the uncritical support of Fox, NYP, WT, Talk back radio - that he only allows reporters one question and no follow ups. He also doesn\'t hold much in the way of press conferences.

I think a government getting upset with the media is like that quote by Harry Evans;

Governments always want to remove any obstacles to their power, and the more power they\'ve got, the more they try to remove the residual obstacles. You\'ve got the Victorian government dismantling the Auditor-General, for example. It\'s got a majority in both Houses, but it\'s not willing to put up with even that residual check. Governments just naturally drive for absolute power, and people just have to be awake to that and resist it, because unless you have checks on power then you go down the slippery slope.

I think it is about a government who has the majority in both houses seeking to silence any impediment to their power and this is the stick by which they are trying to blunt it.

cam
Politikgeek: More Abbottesque nonsense: More on the RMIT survey can be found here (PDF format): Why Australians Don\'t Respect The Media . Also contains results of Morgan and The Reader polls.
---

Tony Abbott is a highly skilled propagandist. At no point in his article does he consider how the institutional imperatives and interests of media corporations imbue a systematic bias into Australia\'s media. I refer you to Chomsky and Herman\'s Propaganda model . Anyone with a basic understanding of psychology knows that environment determines behaviour , yet in Abbott\'s writings, we are lead to believe that the interests of media institutions have no bearing or pressure on the output of journalists. The media institutions themselves do not rate a mention and while claiming that there is left-wing bias in the media, all Abbott\'s gives evidence for is the personal political leanings of journalists. This is nonsense. Overwhelmingly, Australians agree that \"Media proprietors use their outlets to push their own business and/or political interests to influence the national debate\" [see document at top].

Since his critique of the Australian media does not actually analyse the output of media corporations, only the political preferences of journalists and their apparent failings, it may be easily dismissed. But let us indulge Mr Abbott for his excellent example of journalistic omission and half-baked, incoherent argument.

Now, we\'re assuming that journalists produce the media (as Abbott falsely does), not media institutions and that the political preferences of these journalists are reflected precisely in Australia\'s media. As others have already mentioned, \"small-l liberal\" constitutes the fundamental beliefs of the Liberal Party in Australia and that party is considered \"centre-right\". It is no surprise that 55% of journalists were found to be either left-wing or liberal, as those views represent the ideological platforms of Australia\'s two major parties. Australia is also a \'liberal\' democracy, think about it. There are very few genuine conservatives in Australia and hence it is understandable that not many journalists call themselves conservatives. The term \"conservative\" is frequently abused, both by people on the \'Left\' and the \'Right\'. As for the 36% in the \"centre\", that\'s a very large number of translated swinging voters, much too large for any particular profession. Obviously, parts or all of the RMIT survey was inaccurate and they asked the wrong questions. Despite News Limited having 70% of Australia\'s media coverage , News Limited employees only made up 27.9% of those surveyed and 21% from Fairfax. The survey is about journalists\' (rather media institution employees\') political preferences, not media output and even if it were, it would be dreadfully inaccurate, as the figures just given suggest.

That deals with the survey which doesn\'t really prove anything. I won\'t get into Tony\'s whinges and praise too much, because that\'s been done by others, but isn\'t it interesting that Abbott can only come up with Phillip Adams as his example of apparently pervasive left-wing bias in Australia\'s media. Of course, he wouldn\'t mention Adam\'s colleagues at The Australian (except Paul Kelly for which he heaps praise, presumably for his defence of Abbott\'s political involvement with Cardinal George Pell), because most are virulent right-wing hacks and such mention would disrupt the propaganda flow. He also doesn\'t mentioned that all of Australia\'s major newspapers, with the exception of SMH who remained independent, editorialised in favour of the \'right-wing\' Government in the 2004 Election. The same occurred in the 2001 Election campaign with the only exception being The Age . Even they supported Howard this year, and boy, didn\'t that create an uproar .

In conclusion, left-leaning media - my arse! Anyone who manages to escape the Murdoch Press world view can appreciate that the mass media predominantly serves a right-wing agenda, because that\'s where the media corporations\', those who actually produce the media, interests lie.
siento: Not right either: You make a number of good points. However, I\'d disagree that overall the Australian media has a right wing bias.

One thing that has to be taken into account is that the Murdoch media is not, as many on the left seem to indicate, an institution dedicated to pushing an agenda. It is, instead, an institution dedicated to making money. While it does lean to the right and it does have a large part of the media market, other parts of the media, in particular the ABC lean the other way. Indeed the PDF you link to cites the Murdoch press as being the most biased, followed by the ABC. Do you think the ABC leans to the right?
siento: Indeed he is cherry picking: The US media definitely slants to the right. The major papers, the NYT, the WaPo, the Globe, The Chicago Tribune and the LA Times all seem to be liberal, but that is as far left as US media that has much penetration goes.

The papers you cite are indeed right wing. And another to add is The Wall Street Journal which pretty much is the paper of the Republican Party as well as being a major US paper. It is hard to see where editorial opinions given in that paper vary from whatever the Republicans want.
cam: Slant to a political ideology or to a party?: The papers you cite are indeed right wing.

But several of them arent right wing, they are party political rags. It isnt about ideology it is about producing propaganda, or positive spin for a party no matter what. Look at Henderson\'s current article . This is what I object to; he is parroting Abbott\'s line.

The media and the government are largely in sync. Many journalists are not independent, they just parrot party spin lines and attacks of the moment. Novak is particularly bad for that in the US - he even leaked Valeria Plames\' name at the White House\'s urging.

What chance do the people have in making informed decisions when the media and the political party\'s are coupling their control of the mass media and news-making to ensure they are all on message.

Like I said, I have no problem with subjective reporting - a spade is a spade - and subjective reporting can be routed around. It is the supposedly objective reporting that is nothing more than acting as a bullhorn for the parties. That is party political propaganda for the purpose of advancing the state - not for advancing or maintaining democracy.

cam
Scrymarch: Metaphor time: Journalists are on average biased to the left and publishers are biased to the right.  A few op-ed and editorial writers are available to fill out the right wing team but journalists much like highschool teachers and American academics come from a vaguely social democratic consensus reality.

The journalists are like the keel and rudder of a sailboat, and the publisher is like the wind.  The journalists point left and the wind pushes them right.  Sometimes making the boat move requires tacking.

And for those place that neither the wind blows to nor the rudder points to, like backsliding to racial immigration policies, or perhaps restraining the omnicompetence of the state, well, between the boat and that is clear blue water.
Politikgeek: Media corporations\' imperatives: Corporate media institutions are not dedicated to pushing any particular agenda, just for the sake of that agenda. Indeed, media corporations are primarily dedicated to making money (actually they are really more interested in growth and autonomy, but I won\'t veer off into this). They are businesses selling audiences and have the same imperatives as other corporations. This is what Chomsky and Herman\'s Propaganda model states too. It\'s natural to ask, what agenda, left-wing or right-wing best accommodates the interests of major media corporations, such as News Limited, Fairfax and PBL. One would have to agree that it is the \'right-wing\' agenda. There\'s less money to made by corporations in social democracy (a `left\' agenda) and even less still under democratic socialism. It\'s fair to assume that given the opportunity to advance its interests through the service it provides, a corporation would do so, or at very least it wouldn\'t deliberately derogate its interests.

Media corporations take advantage of that opportunity. Media proprietors and management do exert editorial control over their papers. The Crikey article I linked to earlier has a perfect example. At the last two elections and probably all before, at Election time - when it really matters, the mass media (by which I mean the major media corporations) have endorsed candidates and agendas offering a more `right wing\' agenda or at least one whose agenda isn\'t unacceptably to the `left\' and hence, still compatible with the promotion of the media corporation\'s interests.

This stuff ain\'t rocket science, evidence is abundant, very rarely hidden and easily accessible. That is why it is so ridiculous when windbags like Tony Abbott decry a mythical left-leaning media.

I don\'t think the ABC leans to the right or left to any significant extent. It is the least biased media by statutory requirement and has the most substantial complaint review mechanisms. At the time of the Iraq war there were more complaints of pro-war bias than anti-war bias, but naturally, the government only championed one set of complaints, which just so happened to be written by a Liberal Party hack. Right-wingers and fence-sitters who always look for `equal bias\' won\'t agree with me about the ABC\'s lack of bias, which is fair enough, but it would be nice if they put forward a substantive argument and evidence for their claims, instead of wheeling out ol\' Adams all the time.
cam: How do you determine left and right: .... when both parties practice social democrat parties. The Liberals actually outspent Labor in the last election in terms of expenditure. If there is the claim of left and right bias, when there is little difference between the social democratic policies of both parties - we have to assume that what people are getting upset about is not left/right bias, but party bias.

The right is upset that their party is not painted in a better light. That is about all. I dont think this has anything to do with ideology and everything to do with the party in power getting upset that their party isnt getting the most positive spin/echo from the media.

Who was Abbott\'s and Henderson\'s speech/article aimed at? Discrediting the preceived leftward leaning publications? The ear of the publishers? The Age certainly had Howard\'s ear. Or like a hockey coach were they complaining so the ref would give them the next power-play to \"even it up\"? Or are they just whining?

cam
Scrymarch: Left and right: You\'re absolutely correct that both parties were pushing nannyish state-inflating policies at the last election.  One day soon I won\'t be able to offer my wife orange juice for breakfast without a government welfare program to help and correct me.

However the different brands of statism were still recognisably left and right.  Latham brand statism promised free medical treatment for the most expensive patients in the country.  Howard brand statism introduces work for the dole, baby bonuses and finally privatising Telstra, as the consensus seems to be for selling off the government\'s directly owned assets but covering all privately assets in a spidersweb of regulation and pulling power towards the centre.  This is something that Thatcher did, she drew almost all of the taxing power in the UK into Westminster.

They are still philosophies of the left or right, it\'s like Christian Democrats versus Third Way Social Democrats rather than the Austrian school versus the Chiefly Labor Party.  Capital and Labour are still represented, and both are committed to expanding the state.

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