Hobbes in Leviathan calls the liberty of an individual under the sovereign, and free from the tyranny of all against all violence as an artificial commonwealth man. In modern language we would probably call it political rights. It is interesting to compare Hobbes' artificial man with Agamben's
Homo Sacer
, in Hobbesian terms, homo sacer is a man entirely under the sovereign yet denied the just bonds of the artificial commonwealth man.
From Chapter 21 of Leviathan
:
But as men, for the attaining of peace and conservation of themselves thereby, have made an artificial man, which we call a Commonwealth; so also have they made artificial chains, called civil laws, which they themselves, by mutual covenants, have fastened at one end to the lips of that man, or assembly, to whom they have given the sovereign power, and at the other to their own ears. These bonds, in their own nature but weak, may nevertheless be made to hold, by the danger, though not by the difficulty of breaking them.
Agamben discusses Homo Sacer in terms of the all against all meme, and comes to the conclusion that the state of nature is a state of exception. Homo sacer is unique in that the individual cannot be sacrificed by the sovereign, but it is bare life, one that is without political rights and denied judicial redress, yet totally and entirely under the power of the sovereign who has judged them as a life not worth living, but at the same time unable to remove their physical life.
In Hobbesian terms homo sacer has been denied the artificial chains through the actions of the sovereign (executive) while still being under the whim of the sovereign. Homo sacer has been deemed a life not worth living by the state, yet is in the judicial no man's land as the sovereign does not kill the individual, nor grant them judicial relief. This is the origin of the camp that is outside of Leviathan's description of the sovereign and commonwealth man.
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Phoenix Eats Out is the restaurant review site for
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Scottsdale and
Old Town Scottsdale which lists the modernist and contemporary restaurants, taverns and bars in the greater Phoenix area.
This is the list of the most popular restaurants pages from phoenixeatsout.com that have been viewed the most;
My personal favourite restaurants in Phoenix are
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Alternate Australian Constitutions
Between 2004 and 2009 this site,
southsearepublic.org, was a constitutional blog based on scoop which focused on Australian and global constitutional issues.
One of the strongest aspects of it was the development of constitutions by those involved in the blog. These constitutions are the outcome:
The constitutions were built using principles from Montesquieu's separation of powers, the enlightnment's universal political rights and the ancient Athenian technology of sortition and choice by lot.
Archives For South Sea Republic
South Sea Republic started in 2004 as an Australian constitutional blog in 2004 based on scoop software. It was an immigrative outgrowth of Kuro5hin. The archives for each year since then;
The articles are ordered by views.
Who Is Cam Riley
I am an Australian living in the United States as a permanent resident.
I am a software developer by trade and mostly work in Java and jump between middleware and front end.
I originally worked in the New York area of the United States in telecommunications before moving to Washington DC and
working in a mix of telecommunications, energy and ITS. I started my own software company before heading out to
Arizona and working with Shutterfly. Since then I have joined a startup in the Phoenix area and am thoroughly enjoying myself.
I do a lot of photography which I post on this website, but also on flickr. I have a photo-journalistic website which lists
the modernist and contemporary restaurants in phoenix. I have a site on the
Australian Flying Corps [AFC] which has been around since the 1990s and which I unfortunately
lost the .org URL to during a life event; however, it is under the
www.australianflyingcorps.com URL now.
The AFC website has gone through several iterations since the 90s and the two most recent are
Australian Flying Corps Archives(2004-2002) and
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