Neanderthals had managed to survive in Ice Age Europe for close to 200,000 years. Their technology was rudimentary. It included fire hardened spears and stone working tools but the reality is that over this long period of time Neanderthal technology did not advance much.

A Neanderthal from 200,000 years ago would be able to join a Neanderthal party from 50,000 years ago and be able to slot in easily. It would not be like a human from Roman times trying to tackle the alienness of an iPhone, the internet and going through security to fly on a passenger jet.

Anatomically modern humans [Cro-Magnons] which spread into Europe 50,000 years ago did advance their technology. One of these technological advances which allowed the Cro-Magnons to range wider into the Ice Age steps was the needle. Brian Fagan writes:

The humble needle ranks alongside the taming of fire as one of early humanity's most significant inventions. For tends of thousands of years, Neanderthals and their predecessors had draped skins around their bodies like capes as protection against the cold.

As, presumably, the Neanderthals well knew, you can take a length of fiber or thong and join two hides with a seam by pulling the thread through the holes made with a flint awl. The resulting garmet is rought at best, perhaps a tubular pair of pants. Needles allowed women to make form fitting, layered garments.

The eyed needle enabled the Cro-Magnons to make form fitting clothing, including shoes that was multi layered with multiple different skins and furs. The clothes could be made to size for the men and women as well as the growing children.

It also allowed for specialized clothing for different seasons. Shirts, parkas, pants, underwear etc so that different clothes could be made specifically in layers for the changing seasons.

Anatomically modern humans developed the spear with a stone tip that was held in with resin. Additionally the stone tip was barbed. It also appears that they developed bows and arrows as well as throwing tools (like the Aboriginal Woomera) which enabled a spear to be thrown further and with greater power.

The next major advance that was seen with Anatomically modern humans was art. Cave paintings, ivory figurines and clay sculpture. Something which makes them very much like us, and a technology the Neanderthals lacked though this might just be an artifact of the archeological record. Neanderthals are being humanized more and more with each discovery.