Janik and Toulmin's book Wittgenstein's Vienna deliberately ranges all over, it brings a whole host of intellectual threads together, arts, sciences, politics, journalism - from the pre-WWI period into an intimidating, but also rather heady and overpowering, mix. Though not the heart of the book, their concluding chapters are the easiest to quote.
The principles of architectural design, as Loos himself taught them, were entirely open to the future. The architect could not prescribe in advance the future forms of life or forms of culture; changes in those external forms would call for new creative responses from the architect himself[...] In his buildings, Loos's concentration on "functional necessities" at conce led to the elimination of that meaningless detail and decoration that had been a feature, both of conventional bourgeois Viennese architecture, and of its art nouveau successor. Stylistically, as a result, Loos's principles imposed on his designs a radical simplification, involving the sacrifice of all nonessentials; yet in his work, as in his theory, style remained the servant of use.
It was the generation that followed Loos and built upon his work that created the modern style in architecture, as such - that is, that took the first products of Loos's technical simplification and stylized them, so producing the familiar concrete-and-glass slabs or shoe boxes to which the name "modern architecture" became attached from the late 1920s on.
This fits into a broader point about the twentieth century focus on establishing academic guilds.
In architecture as in music, then, the technical innovations worked out before 1914 by the "critical" generation of Schonberg and Loos were formalized in the 1920s and 1930s, so becoming the basis for a compulsory antidecorative style which eventually became as conventional as the overdecorative style which it displaced. [...] In each case, novel techniques [...] were first introduced in order to deal with artistic or intellectural problems left over from the late nineteenth century - so having the status of interesting and legitimate new _means_ - only to acquire after a few years the status of _ends_, through becoming the stock in trade of a newly professionalized school of modern poets, abstract artists or philosophical analysts. In this way, the professionalization of culture bred a new race of functionaries who have been ready to impose a novel orthodoxy, based on the idolization of new abstract techniques and structures[.]
I should probably take a step back. Janik and Toulmin's first point, well before this quote, is that the intellectual environment of pre-war Vienna was extremely intertwined, eg with Wittgenstein learning piano from Schonberg. They also continually argue that the political and broader social settlement of late Hapsburg Vienna was deliberately static, in a brittle way, that meant public forms were disconnected from everyday problems. The point here is that, freed from these constraints, and with the opportunity to reshape society at large that arose in the post-war period, the first reaction of the intellectuals was to create new social orthodoxies to contain experimentation. (There are echoes here with the late Ming sketched by Ray Huang in
1587: A Year of No Significance.)
There are feedback loops here that seem familiar from smaller scales and shorter time periods in business and software. As Bertrand Meyer wrote in
Object Oriented Software Construction:
... just as inevitable is the well-known three-step sequence of reactions that meets the introduction of a new methodological principle: (1) "it's trivial"; (2) "it cannot work"; (3) "that's how I did it all along anyway".
Most Popular on South Sea Republic
The articles that have been viewed the most:
Most Popular Restaurants in Phoenix
Phoenix Eats Out is the restaurant review site for
Phoenix,
Scottsdale and
Old Town Scottsdale which lists the modernist and contemporary restaurants, taverns and bars in the greater Phoenix area.
This is the list of the most popular restaurants pages from phoenixeatsout.com that have been viewed the most;
My personal favourite restaurants in Phoenix are
AZ88,
Postinos,
Bomberos with
Grazie,
Humble Pie,
Orange Table,
The Vig,
Fez and others coming close behind. View the complete list with the photo-journalistic style images on
phoenixeatsout.com
Most Popular Hikes in Arizona
Arizona is an outdoor state and has lots of hiking in the city and around the state. Phoenix is unusual for most cities in having several large mountains in the center of the city with great hiking. Anyone who comes to Phoenix has to do the
Echo Canyon trail on Camelback and the
Summit Hike on Squaw Peak or Piesta Peak. The views of the city, suburbs and surrounding mountains are wonderful from Camelback and Piesta Peak.
For more experienced hikers there is the McDowell Mountains in North Scottsdale that has several difficult and strenuous hikes in
Tom's Thumb and
Bell Pass. Alternatively, you can hike the highest mountain in Arizona. At 12,600 feet
Humphrey's Peak is a long and difficult hike.
Alternate Australian Constitutions
Between 2004 and 2009 this site,
southsearepublic.org, was a constitutional blog based on scoop which focused on Australian and global constitutional issues.
One of the strongest aspects of it was the development of constitutions by those involved in the blog. These constitutions are the outcome:
The constitutions were built using principles from Montesquieu's separation of powers, the enlightnment's universal political rights and the ancient Athenian technology of sortition and choice by lot.
Archives For South Sea Republic
South Sea Republic started in 2004 as an Australian constitutional blog in 2004 based on scoop software. It was an immigrative outgrowth of Kuro5hin. The archives for each year since then;
The articles are ordered by views.
Who Is Cam Riley

I am an Australian living in the United States as a permanent resident.
I am a software developer by trade and mostly work in Java and jump between middleware and front end.
I originally worked in the New York area of the United States in telecommunications before moving to Washington DC and
working in a mix of telecommunications, energy and ITS. I started my own software company before heading out to
Arizona and working with Shutterfly. Since then I have joined a startup in the Phoenix area and am thoroughly enjoying myself.
I do a lot of photography which I post on this website, but also on flickr. I have a photo-journalistic website which lists
the modernist and contemporary restaurants in phoenix. I have a site on the
Australian Flying Corps [AFC] which has been around since the 1990s and which I unfortunately
lost the .org URL to during a life event; however, it is under the
www.australianflyingcorps.com URL now.
The AFC website has gone through several iterations since the 90s and the two most recent are
Australian Flying Corps Archives(2004-2002) and
Australian Flying Corps Archives(2002-1999) which are good places to start.
Websites Worth Reading
Websites of friends, colleagues and of interest;